(object) array(
'id' => '6227764',
'url' => 'FR/sponsor_investigator',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Sponsor-investigateur',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Sponsor-investigateur',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Sponsor-investigateur',
'source_id' => 4010894,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722105912',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'La personne qui initie et conduit l\'étude clinique.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507393851745107968,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'The person who both initiates and conducts the clinical study.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'sponsor investigator',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'sponsor_investigator',
)
sponsor investigator
The person who both initiates and conducts the clinical study.
Sponsor-investigateur
La personne qui initie et conduit l'étude clinique.
Medical devices; Clinical trials
(object) array(
'id' => '6228625',
'url' => 'FR/publications_₂',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Publications',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Publications',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Publications',
'source_id' => 4011325,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722110603',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Articles ou résumés scientifiques publiés concernant une étude clinique.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507394292251885568,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'Published scientific articles or abstracts about a clinical study.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'publications',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'publications_₂',
)
publications
Published scientific articles or abstracts about a clinical study.
Publications
Articles ou résumés scientifiques publiés concernant une étude clinique.
Medical devices; Clinical trials
(object) array(
'id' => '3951178',
'url' => 'FR/superbug',
'image' => 'Superbug.jpg;',
'title' => 'Superbactéries',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Superbactéries',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
2 => '',
),
'term' => 'Superbactéries',
'source_id' => 275134,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'lastedit' => '20150721084102',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Bactéries résistantes à presque tous les antibiotiques. Les gènes peuvent être transférés entre les bactéries par conjugaison, transduction ou transformation. Cela signifie que les gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques peuvent se lier à de nombreux types de germes courants et leur confèrent une importante résistance aux médicaments, en créant de superbactéries dangereuses. La dernière épidémie de superbactéries implique des patients qui ont voyagé en Inde où il y a une surpopulation et un usage excessif établi des antibiotiques. Beaucoup de gens en Inde manquent également d\'eau potable et ont des diarrhées répandues ; ce sont des conditions idéales pour la création de superbactéries.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 450,
'height' => 362,
'_version_' => 1507294573051772929,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'superbug',
'Definition' => 'Bacteria resistant to nearly all antibiotics. Genes can be transferred between bacteria by conjugation, transduction, or transformation. This means antibiotic resistance genes can hitch onto many types of common germs and confers broad drug resistance, creating dangerous superbugs.
The latest outbreak of superbugs involve patients who have travel to India with an overpopulation and documented overuses antibiotics. Many people in India also lack clean water and have widespread diarrhea disease, which are ideal conditions for the creation of the superbug',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Synonym' => 'super bacteria_₀; super bug_₀',
'Sample Image' => 'Superbug.jpg;',
'Industry' => 'Pharmaceutical',
'Domain' => 'Documentation; Marketing',
'Other Reference' => 'TIN',
'Creation User' => 'Bethsm',
'Creation Date' => '2010/9/14',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'superbug',
)
superbug
Bacteria resistant to nearly all antibiotics. Genes can be transferred between bacteria by conjugation, transduction, or transformation. This means antibiotic resistance genes can hitch onto many types of common germs and confers broad drug resistance, ...
Superbactéries
Bactéries résistantes à presque tous les antibiotiques. Les gènes peuvent être transférés entre les bactéries par conjugaison, transduction ou transformation. Cela signifie que les gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques peuvent se lier à de nombreux types de ...
(object) array(
'id' => '6227397',
'url' => 'FR/exclusion_criteria_₁',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Critères d\'exclusion',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Critères d\'exclusion',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Critères d\'exclusion',
'source_id' => 4010892,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722105910',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Les facteurs ou les raisons qui empêchent une personne de participer à une étude clinique.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507393851744059394,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'The factors or reasons that prevent a person from participating in a clinical study.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'exclusion criteria',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'exclusion_criteria_₁',
)
exclusion criteria
The factors or reasons that prevent a person from participating in a clinical study.
Critères d'exclusion
Les facteurs ou les raisons qui empêchent une personne de participer à une étude clinique.
Medical devices; Clinical trials
(object) array(
'id' => '3898056',
'url' => 'FR/variable_ratio_₁',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Proportion variable',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Proportion variable',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'Proportion variable',
'source_id' => 3744260,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722105908',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => '1) Un programme de renforcement basé sur la réponse dans lequel le nombre de réponses requises pour un renforcement varie après que chaque renforçateur est présenté. Le nombre moyen de réponses est utilisé pour indexer le programme. Par exemple, un rat peut appuyer sur un levier de renforcement 50 fois, puis 150, 70, 30, et 200. En ajoutant ces besoins de réponse pour un total de 500, puis en divisant par le nombre de réponses distinctes apportées (5), on obtient la valeur du programme, PV 100. 2) Un programme dans lequel une personne est renforcée en effectuant une réponse seulement après avoir effectué un nombre variable de ces réponses sans renforcement. Ce programme induit généralement un rythme élevé et uniforme. Il produit le plus haut rythme de réponses pour les programmes simples.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507393851744059393,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Definition' => '1) A response-based schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement changes after each reinforcer is presented. The average number of responses is used to index the schedule. For example, a rat may press a lever for reinforcement 50 times, then 150, 70, 30, and 200. Adding these response requirements for a total of 500, then dividing by the number of separate response runs (5), yields the schedule value, VR 100.
2) A schedule in which people are reinforced for making a response only after they have made a varying number of those responses without reinforcement. This schedule usually causes people to work at a high and uniform rate of speed. It produces the highest rate of responding of the simple schedules.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
'See Also' => 'ratio schedules of reinforcement_₀',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'lovinbnsingle',
'Creation Date' => '2012/9/5',
'Glossary' => 'MODULE_3_twgid1346807673617222',
'Term' => 'variable ratio',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'variable_ratio_₁',
)
variable ratio
1) A response-based schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement changes after each reinforcer is presented. The average number of responses is used to index the schedule. For example, a rat may press a lever for ...
Proportion variable
1) Un programme de renforcement basé sur la réponse dans lequel le nombre de réponses requises pour un renforcement varie après que chaque renforçateur est présenté. Le nombre moyen de réponses est utilisé pour indexer le programme. Par exemple, un rat peut ...
Pharmaceutical; Pharmaceutical intermediates
(object) array(
'id' => '6229990',
'url' => 'FR/other_adverse_event',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Autre événement indésirable',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Autre événement indésirable',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Autre événement indésirable',
'source_id' => 4011599,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722110608',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Un événement indésirable qui n\'est pas un événement indésirable grave.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507394292252934144,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'An adverse event that is not a serious adverse event.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'other adverse event',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'other_adverse_event',
)
other adverse event
An adverse event that is not a serious adverse event.
Autre événement indésirable
Un événement indésirable qui n'est pas un événement indésirable grave.
Medical devices; Clinical trials
(object) array(
'id' => '6229774',
'url' => 'FR/clinical_trial_₁₁',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Essai clinique',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Essai clinique',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Essai clinique',
'source_id' => 4011597,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150727104712',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Une étude clinique dans laquelle les participants sont assignés à recevoir une ou plusieurs interventions (ou pas d\'intervention) afin que les chercheurs puissent évaluer les effets des interventions sur les résultats biomédicaux ou liés à la santé. Les assignations sont déterminées par le protocole d\'étude. Les participants peuvent recevoir des interventions diagnostiques, thérapeutiques ou d\'autres types d\'interventions.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507846081755480064,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'A clinical study in which participants are assigned to receive one or more interventions (or no intervention) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcomes. The assignments are determined by the study protocol. Participants may receive diagnostic, therapeutic, or other types of interventions.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Synonym' => 'interventional_study',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'clinical trial',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'clinical_trial_₁₁',
)
clinical trial
A clinical study in which participants are assigned to receive one or more interventions (or no intervention) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcomes. The assignments are determined by the ...
Essai clinique
Une étude clinique dans laquelle les participants sont assignés à recevoir une ou plusieurs interventions (ou pas d'intervention) afin que les chercheurs puissent évaluer les effets des interventions sur les résultats biomédicaux ou liés à la santé. Les ...
Medical devices; Clinical trials
(object) array(
'id' => '3898053',
'url' => 'FR/variable_interval_₁',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Intervalle variable',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Intervalle variable',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'Intervalle variable',
'source_id' => 3744244,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
),
'lastedit' => '20150722105901',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => '1) Un programme dans lequel une personne est renforcée par la première réponse après qu\'une période de temps variable soit passée depuis le renforcement précédent. Ce programme produit généralement un rythme de réponse uniforme. 2) Un programme de renforcement dans lequel une réponse est renforcée après qu\'une période de temps variable soit passée. Par exemple, dans un programme IV 30 secondes, l\'intervalle de temps varie entre chaque renforcement, mais l\'intervalle moyen de temps est de 30 secondes.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507393851728330752,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Definition' => '1) A schedule in which a person is reinforced for the first response after a varying period of time has passed since the previous reinforcement. This schedule usually causes a person to respond at a uniform rate.
2) A schedule of reinforcement in which one response is reinforced after a variable amount of time has passed. For example, on a VI 30-second schedule, the time to each reinforcement changes but the average time is 30 seconds.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Pharmaceutical intermediates',
'See Also' => 'interval schedules of reinforcement_₀',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'lovinbnsingle',
'Creation Date' => '2012/9/5',
'Glossary' => 'MODULE_3_twgid1346807673617222',
'Term' => 'variable interval',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'variable_interval_₁',
)
variable interval
1) A schedule in which a person is reinforced for the first response after a varying period of time has passed since the previous reinforcement. This schedule usually causes a person to respond at a uniform rate.
2) A schedule of reinforcement in which one ...
Intervalle variable
1) Un programme dans lequel une personne est renforcée par la première réponse après qu'une période de temps variable soit passée depuis le renforcement précédent. Ce programme produit généralement un rythme de réponse uniforme. 2) Un programme de ...
Pharmaceutical; Pharmaceutical intermediates
(object) array(
'id' => '2432466',
'url' => 'FR/bath_salts',
'image' => 'Bath Salts.jpg;',
'title' => 'Sels de bain',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Sels de bain',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
2 => 'Drugs',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'Sels de bain',
'source_id' => 1303057,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Drugs',
),
'lastedit' => '20150721084118',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Une poudre également connue sous le nom de "Ivory Wave", "Vanilla Sky" et "Blue Magic", qui est légalement disponible dans la plupart des pays, et peut avoir des effets hallucinogènes et même mortels. Ces sels sont souvent associés à tort aux sels de bain normaux inoffensifs, qui peuvent être ajoutés aux bains pour imiter les effets d\'une source thermale. De nombreux États américains envisagent l\'interdiction de la drogue, qui contient de la méphédrone ou une autre drogue appelée MDPV.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 600,
'height' => 448,
'_version_' => 1507294573050724352,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'bath salts',
'Definition' => 'A powder substance also known as Ivory Wave, Vanilla Sky and Blue Magic, which is legally available in most countries, and can have hallucinogenic and even fatal effects. It is often mistakenly associated with harmless, normal bath salts, which can be added to baths to mimic the effects of a hot spring.
Many American states are considering banning the drug, which contains mephedrone or another drug called MDPV.',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Sample Image' => 'Bath Salts.jpg;',
'Industry' => 'Pharmaceutical',
'Product Category' => 'Drugs',
'Special Term' => 'TIN',
'Other Reference' => 'TIN',
'Creation User' => 'Robert Derbyshire',
'Creation Date' => '2011/5/23',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'bath_salts',
)
bath salts
A powder substance also known as Ivory Wave, Vanilla Sky and Blue Magic, which is legally available in most countries, and can have hallucinogenic and even fatal effects. It is often mistakenly associated with harmless, normal bath salts, which can be added ...
Sels de bain
Une poudre également connue sous le nom de "Ivory Wave", "Vanilla Sky" et "Blue Magic", qui est légalement disponible dans la plupart des pays, et peut avoir des effets hallucinogènes et même mortels. Ces sels sont souvent associés à tort aux sels de bain ...
(object) array(
'id' => '6228624',
'url' => 'FR/Food_And_Drug_Administration_(FDA)',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'Food And Drug Administration (FDA)',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'Food And Drug Administration (FDA)',
1 => 'Medical devices',
2 => 'Pharmaceutical',
3 => 'Clinical trials',
4 => 'National Library of Medicine',
5 => '',
),
'term' => 'Food And Drug Administration (FDA)',
'source_id' => 4011189,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1244,
'nstext' => 'FR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Medical devices',
1 => 'Pharmaceutical',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Clinical trials',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'National Library of Medicine',
),
'lastedit' => '20150727104702',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'LinguaDiligence',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'Une agence du Département de la Santé et des Services sociaux des États-Unis. La FDA est responsable de la protection de la santé publique. Elle se doit d\'assurer la sureté, l\'efficacité et la sécurité des médicaments humains et vétérinaires, des vaccins et autres produits biologiques, des dispositifs médicaux, de l\'approvisionnement alimentaire de la nation, des cosmétiques, des compléments alimentaires et des produits qui émettent des radiations.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1507846081753382912,
'nstext_full' => 'French (FR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Company' => 'National Library of Medicine',
'Definition' => 'An agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. FDA is responsible for protecting the public health by making sure that human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products, medical devices, the nation\'s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and products that give off radiation are safe, effective, and secure.',
'Industry' => 'Medical devices; Pharmaceutical',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Clinical trials',
'Creation User' => 'elighy',
'Creation Date' => '2012/10/13',
'Term' => 'Food And Drug Administration (FDA)',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'Food_And_Drug_Administration_(FDA)',
)
Food And Drug Administration (FDA)
An agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. FDA is responsible for protecting the public health by making sure that human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products, medical devices, the nation's food supply, ...
Food And Drug Administration (FDA)
Une agence du Département de la Santé et des Services sociaux des États-Unis. La FDA est responsable de la protection de la santé publique. Elle se doit d'assurer la sureté, l'efficacité et la sécurité des médicaments humains et vétérinaires, des vaccins et ...
Medical devices; Clinical trials