(object) array( 'id' => '943719', 'url' => 'AR/external_balance_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'توازن خارجى', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'توازن خارجى', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'International economics', 3 => 'University of Michigan', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'توازن خارجى', 'source_id' => 818756, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'International economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'University of Michigan', ), 'lastedit' => '20110403191110', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => '1. Balance of payments equilibrium. 2. Any target value for the balance on current account, balance on capital account, or balance of payments. Contrasts with internal balance.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601575773339652, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'external balance', 'Company' => 'University of Michigan', 'Definition' => '1. Balance of payments equilibrium. 2. Any target value for the balance on current account, balance on capital account, or balance of payments. Contrasts with internal balance.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'International economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Noroc', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'external_balance_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '933229', 'url' => 'AR/rational_expectations_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'التوقعات المنطقية', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'التوقعات المنطقية', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'Economics', 3 => 'The Economist', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'التوقعات المنطقية', 'source_id' => 774092, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'The Economist', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402094231', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'كيف يعتقد بعض الاقتصاديين أن الناس التفكير في المستقبل. لا أحد يستطيع التنبؤ بالمستقبل تماما؛ ولكن توقعات عقلانية نظرية يفترض أنه، مع مرور الوقت، أحداث غير متوقعة (الصدمات) سوف يلغي كل منهما الآخر، وأن في المتوسط التوقعات الشعبية حول المستقبل سوف تكون دقيقة. هذا لأنها تشكل توقعاتهم على أساس عقلاني، باستخدام كافة المعلومات المتاحة لها على النحو الأمثل، والتعلم من أخطائهم. وهذا على النقيض من النظريات الأخرى لننظر كيف الناس قدما، مثل توقعات التكيفية، فيه قاعدة الناس توقعاتهم على الاتجاهات السابقة والتغيرات في الاتجاهات، والاقتصاد السلوكي، الذي يفترض أن التوقعات غير عقلانية إلى حد ما نتيجة للتحيز النفسي. نظرية التوقعات الرشيدة، التي روبرت لوكاس وفاز جائزة نوبل للاقتصاد، في البداية أصبح شعبية مع مونيتاريستس لأنه يبدو أن يثبت أنه سوف تفشل السياسات الكينزية لإدارة الطلب. مع توقعات عقلانية، تعلم الناس توقع تغييرات في سياسة الحكومة والتصرف وفقا لذلك؛ ولما ضبط الاقتصاد الكلي يتطلب أن تكون الحكومات قادرة على خداع الناس، وهذا يعني أن من غير المجدي عادة. وفي وقت لاحق، قد اعترض على هذا الاستنتاج. ومع ذلك، أصبحت توقعات عقلانية وقرب رشيد جزءا من التيار الرئيسي للفكر الاقتصادي.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601530366853120, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'rational expectations', 'Company' => 'The Economist', 'Definition' => 'How some economists believe that people think about the future. Nobody can predict the future perfectly; but rational expectations theory assumes that, over time, unexpected events (shocks) will cancel out each other and that on average people’s expectations about the future will be accurate. This is because they form their expectations on a rational basis, using all the information available to them optimally, and learn from their mistakes. This is in contrast to other theories of how people look ahead, such as adaptive expectations, in which people base their predictions on past trends and changes in trends, and behavioral economics, which assumes that expectations are somewhat irrational as a result of psychological biases. The theory of rational expectations, for which Robert Lucas won the Nobel prize for economics, initially became popular with monetarists because it seemed to prove that Keynesian policies of demand management would fail. With rational expectations, people learn to anticipate government policy changes and act accordingly; since macroeconomic fine tuning requires that governments be able to fool people, this implies that it is usually futile. Subsequently, this conclusion has been challenged. However, rational and near-rational expectations have become part of the mainstream of economic thought.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'summer.l', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'rational_expectations_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '933206', 'url' => 'AR/monitoring_₇', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'رصد', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'رصد', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'Economics', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'رصد', 'source_id' => 508047, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Economics', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402094148', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'هذه العملية من التحقق من ما إذا كان الأفراد أو الشركات في الواقع يتصرفون كما ينبغي.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601530353221636, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'monitoring', 'Definition' => 'The process of checking whether individuals or firms are actually behaving as they should.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Jiazhe Song', 'Creation Date' => '2010/12/14', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'monitoring_₇', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931395', 'url' => 'AR/methyl_esters', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'استرات الميثيل', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'استرات الميثيل', 1 => 'Biotechnology', 2 => 'Energy', 3 => 'Biofuel', 4 => 'Grist', 5 => '', ), 'term' => 'استرات الميثيل', 'source_id' => 349713, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Biotechnology', 1 => 'Energy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Biofuel', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'Grist', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401200522', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'انظر \'وقود الديزل الحيوي\'', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601523368656899, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'methyl esters', 'Definition' => 'See ‘Biodiesel’', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Biotechnology; Energy', 'Product Category' => 'Biofuel', 'Company' => 'Grist', 'Creation User' => 'smogAG', 'Creation Date' => '2010/10/5', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'methyl_esters', )

(object) array( 'id' => '935902', 'url' => 'AR/supply_curve', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'منحنى المؤن', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'منحنى المؤن', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'Economics', 3 => 'The Economist', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'منحنى المؤن', 'source_id' => 774733, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'The Economist', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402193939', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'رسم بياني للعلاقة بين سعر سلعة والمبلغ الموفر بأسعار مختلفة. (انظر أيضا منحنى الطلب).', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601543314669569, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'supply curve', 'Company' => 'The Economist', 'Definition' => 'A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the amount supplied at different prices. (See also demand curve. )', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'summer.l', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'supply_curve', )

(object) array( 'id' => '927850', 'url' => 'AR/consonance_₂', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'تناغم', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'تناغم', 1 => 'Literature', 2 => 'General', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'تناغم', 'source_id' => 365563, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Literature', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'General', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401090126', 'part_of_speech' => 'Feminine', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'Consonance is a stylistic device, most commonly used in poetry and songs, characterized by the repetition of the same consonant two or more times in short succession, as in "pitter patter" or in "all mammals named Sam are clammy".', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601507298181120, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'consonance', 'Definition' => 'Consonance is a stylistic device, most commonly used in poetry and songs, characterized by the repetition of the same consonant two or more times in short succession, as in "pitter patter" or in "all mammals named Sam are clammy".', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Part of Speech' => 'Feminine', 'Industry' => 'Literature', 'Product Category' => 'General', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'CarmenChavarri', 'Creation Date' => '2010/10/14', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'consonance_₂', )

(object) array( 'id' => '936081', 'url' => 'AR/child_labor', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'عمالة الأطفال', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'عمالة الأطفال', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'International economics', 3 => 'University of Michigan', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'عمالة الأطفال', 'source_id' => 818573, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'International economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'University of Michigan', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402200334', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => '1. عمالة الأطفال تحت سن أدنى محدد. 2-أن ضارة بالصحة البدنية أو العقلية للطفل، التنمية، أو التعليم، وأن ذلك يستهدف للقضاء بمعايير العمل والعمل.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601543912357888, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'child labor', 'Company' => 'University of Michigan', 'Definition' => '1. Employment of children under a specified minimum age. 2. Work that harmful to a child\'s physical or mental health, development, or education, and that is therefore targeted for elimination by labor standards.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'International economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Noroc', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'child_labor', )

(object) array( 'id' => '932704', 'url' => 'AR/air_gunner', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'مدفعجى الطائرة', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'مدفعجى الطائرة', 1 => 'Military', 2 => 'Aircraft', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'مدفعجى الطائرة', 'source_id' => 363321, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Military', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Aircraft', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402082127', 'part_of_speech' => '', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'مدفعي هواء (AG) الملقب الجوي المدفعية هو عضو الأطقم الجوية الذين تعمل الرشاشات جبل مرنة أو مدمجة ببرج أو أوتوكانونس في طائرة.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601528450056193, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'air gunner', 'Definition' => 'An air gunner (AG) a.k.a. aerial gunner is a member of an air force aircrew who operates flexible-mount or turret-mounted machine guns or autocannons in an aircraft.', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Military', 'Product Category' => 'Aircraft', 'Domain' => 'UI', 'Creation User' => 'webwriters', 'Creation Date' => '2010/10/13', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'air_gunner', )

(object) array( 'id' => '936229', 'url' => 'AR/European_Free_Trade_Association_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'رابطة التجارة الأوروبية الحرة', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'رابطة التجارة الأوروبية الحرة', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'International economics', 3 => 'University of Michigan', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'رابطة التجارة الأوروبية الحرة', 'source_id' => 818724, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'International economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'University of Michigan', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402202118', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'منطقة تجارة الحرة التي تتألف من البلدان في أوروبا التي لم تنضم إلى الجماعة الاقتصادية الأوروبية. تم إنشاء منطقة التجارة الحرة الأوروبية في عام 1960 بين النمسا، الدنمارك، النرويج، البرتغال، السويد، سويسرا، والمملكة المتحدة. اعتبارا من عام 2010 أنها تضم أيسلندا، وليختنشتاين والنرويج وسويسرا.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601544397848578, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'European Free Trade Association', 'Company' => 'University of Michigan', 'Definition' => 'A free trade area made up of countries in Europe that did not join the European Economic Community. EFTA was established in 1960 among Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. As of 2010 it includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'International economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Noroc', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'European_Free_Trade_Association_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '935531', 'url' => 'AR/invisible_hand', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'يد خفية', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'يد خفية', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'Economics', 3 => 'The Economist', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'يد خفية', 'source_id' => 774258, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'The Economist', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402190139', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'المختزلة آدم سميث لقدرة السوق الحرة على تخصيص عوامل الإنتاج والسلع والخدمات لاستخدامها الأكثر قيمة. إذا كان الجميع يتصرف من المصلحة الذاتية، حفزت بدافع الربح، ثم الاقتصاد سوف تعمل أكثر كفاءة، وأكثر إنتاجية، مما كان سيفعل كانت النشاط الاقتصادي بدلاً من إخراج نوعا من التخطيط المركزي. ، كتب سميث، كما لو كان "يد خفية" وأدلة إجراءات الأفراد الجمع للصالح العام. وسلم سميث أن الخفي اليد ليست معصومة من الخطأ، مع ذلك، وقد يكون بعض الإجراءات الحكومية اللازمة، مثل فرض قوانين مكافحة الاحتكار، وإنفاذ حقوق الملكية، وتوفير الدفاع الوطني والشرطة.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601541722931204, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'invisible hand', 'Company' => 'The Economist', 'Definition' => 'Adam Smith’s shorthand for the ability of the free market to allocate factors of production, goods and services to their most valuable use. If everybody acts from self-interest, spurred on by the profit motive, then the economy will work more efficiently, and more productively, than it would do were economic activity directed instead by some sort of central planner. It is, wrote Smith, as if an “invisible hand” guides the actions of individuals to combine for the common good. Smith recognized that the invisible hand was not infallible, however, and that some government action might be needed, such as to impose antitrust laws, enforce property rights, and to provide policing and national defense.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'summer.l', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'invisible_hand', )