(object) array(
'id' => '935899',
'url' => 'AR/structural_adjustment',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'تعديل هيكلى',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'تعديل هيكلى',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => 'Economics',
3 => 'The Economist',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'تعديل هيكلى',
'source_id' => 774726,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Economics',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'The Economist',
),
'lastedit' => '20110402193934',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'A program of policies designed to change the structure of an economy. Usually, the term refers to adjustment towards a market economy, under a program approved by the IMF and/or World Bank, which often supply structural adjustment funds to ease the pain of transition. Such policies are much criticized in the developing world, sometimes with good reason.',
'usage_comment' => '',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601543169966081,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'structural adjustment',
'Company' => 'The Economist',
'Definition' => 'A program of policies designed to change the structure of an economy. Usually, the term refers to adjustment towards a market economy, under a program approved by the IMF and/or World Bank, which often supply structural adjustment funds to ease the pain of transition. Such policies are much criticized in the developing world, sometimes with good reason.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Economics',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'summer.l',
'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'structural_adjustment',
)
structural adjustment
A program of policies designed to change the structure of an economy. Usually, the term refers to adjustment towards a market economy, under a program approved by the IMF and/or World Bank, which often supply structural adjustment funds to ease the pain of ...
تعديل هيكلى
A program of policies designed to change the structure of an economy. Usually, the term refers to adjustment towards a market economy, under a program approved by the IMF and/or World Bank, which often supply structural adjustment funds to ease the pain of ...
(object) array(
'id' => '952386',
'url' => 'AR/marginal_change',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'فرصة هامشية',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'فرصة هامشية',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => 'International economics',
3 => 'University of Michigan',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'فرصة هامشية',
'source_id' => 818981,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'International economics',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'University of Michigan',
),
'lastedit' => '20110404172032',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'تغيير طفيف في بعض الكمية.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601612060360704,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'marginal change',
'Company' => 'University of Michigan',
'Definition' => 'A small change in some quantity.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'International economics',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'Noroc',
'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'marginal_change',
)
marginal change
A small change in some quantity.
فرصة هامشية
تغيير طفيف في بعض الكمية.
Economy; International economics
(object) array(
'id' => '933201',
'url' => 'AR/hard_currency_₂',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'العملة الصعبة',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'العملة الصعبة',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => '',
),
'term' => 'العملة الصعبة',
'source_id' => 507980,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'lastedit' => '20110402094140',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'عمله وهو قابل للتحويل للعملات الأخرى، والمتوقع أن تظل مستقرة أو ارتفاع السعر الذي من حيث العملات الأخرى.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601530352173056,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'hard currency',
'Definition' => 'A currency which is convertible to other currencies, and whose price in terms of other currencies is expected to remain stable or rise.',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Domain' => 'Other',
'Creation User' => 'Jiazhe Song',
'Creation Date' => '2010/12/14',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'hard_currency_₂',
)
hard currency
A currency which is convertible to other currencies, and whose price in terms of other currencies is expected to remain stable or rise.
العملة الصعبة
عمله وهو قابل للتحويل للعملات الأخرى، والمتوقع أن تظل مستقرة أو ارتفاع السعر الذي من حيث العملات الأخرى.
(object) array(
'id' => '930468',
'url' => 'AR/government_₃',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'حكومة',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'حكومة',
1 => 'Government',
2 => 'American government',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'حكومة',
'source_id' => 921512,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Government',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'American government',
),
'lastedit' => '20110401155509',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'المؤسسات والإجراءات التي حكمت من خلالها أرض وشعبها.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601519963930624,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'government',
'Definition' => 'Institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Government',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'American government',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'Chelsea.K',
'Creation Date' => '2011/3/30',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'government_₃',
)
government
Institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.
حكومة
المؤسسات والإجراءات التي حكمت من خلالها أرض وشعبها.
Government; American government
(object) array(
'id' => '931245',
'url' => 'AR/Absorption_refrigerator',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'مانع التجمد',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'مانع التجمد',
1 => 'Automotive',
2 => 'Automobile',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'مانع التجمد',
'source_id' => 24002,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Automotive',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Automobile',
),
'lastedit' => '20110401193508',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'نوع من الثلاجة مما يؤدي إلى انخفاض درجات الحرارة بامتصاص تبريد في المواد الكيميائية.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601522827591682,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'Absorption refrigerator',
'Definition' => 'A type of refrigerator which creates low temperatures by absorbing a refrigerant into chemical substances.',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Product Category' => 'Automobile',
'Industry' => 'Automotive',
'Creation User' => 'Rderbyshire',
'Creation Date' => '2010/5/5',
'Revision User' => 'Rderbyshire',
'Revision Date' => '2010/5/5',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'Absorption_refrigerator',
)
Absorption refrigerator
A type of refrigerator which creates low temperatures by absorbing a refrigerant into chemical substances.
مانع التجمد
نوع من الثلاجة مما يؤدي إلى انخفاض درجات الحرارة بامتصاص تبريد في المواد الكيميائية.
(object) array(
'id' => '934535',
'url' => 'AR/vice_president',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'نائب الرئيس',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'نائب الرئيس',
1 => 'Government',
2 => 'American government',
3 => 'U.S. Senate',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'نائب الرئيس',
'source_id' => 931389,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Government',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'American government',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'U.S. Senate',
),
'lastedit' => '20110402124540',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'وبموجب الدستور، يقدم نائب الرئيس رئيسا لمجلس الشيوخ. أنه يجوز التصويت في مجلس الشيوخ وفي حالة تعادل الأصوات، ولكن لا يشترط أن. الرئاسة المؤقتة (والبعض الآخر يسميه) عادة أداء هذه الواجبات أثناء الغياب المتكرر نائب الرئيس من مجلس الشيوخ.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601536060620804,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'vice president',
'Company' => 'U.S. Senate',
'Definition' => 'Under the Constitution, the Vice President serves as President of the Senate. He may vote in the Senate in the case of a tie, but is not required to. The President Pro Tempore (and others designated by him) usually perform these duties during the Vice President\'s frequent absences from the Senate.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Government',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'American government',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'Chelsea.K',
'Creation Date' => '2011/4/1',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'vice_president',
)
vice president
Under the Constitution, the Vice President serves as President of the Senate. He may vote in the Senate in the case of a tie, but is not required to. The President Pro Tempore (and others designated by him) usually perform these duties during the Vice ...
نائب الرئيس
وبموجب الدستور، يقدم نائب الرئيس رئيسا لمجلس الشيوخ. أنه يجوز التصويت في مجلس الشيوخ وفي حالة تعادل الأصوات، ولكن لا يشترط أن. الرئاسة المؤقتة (والبعض الآخر يسميه) عادة أداء هذه الواجبات أثناء الغياب المتكرر نائب الرئيس من مجلس ...
Government; American government
(object) array(
'id' => '952565',
'url' => 'AR/Washington_Consensus',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'إجماع الرأي فى واشنطون',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'إجماع الرأي فى واشنطون',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => 'International economics',
3 => 'University of Michigan',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'إجماع الرأي فى واشنطون',
'source_id' => 819416,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'International economics',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'University of Michigan',
),
'lastedit' => '20110404175701',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'مجموعة من الممارسات الاقتصادية والإصلاحات التي تعتبرها المؤسسات المالية الدولية (الموجود في واشنطن، د. س) أن تكون مفيدة للاستقرار المالي والتنمية الاقتصادية؛ كثيرا ما تفرض كشروط للمساعدة الاقتصادية بهذه المؤسسات. العبارة التي صاغ بها جون وليامسون (1990).',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601613009321984,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'Washington Consensus',
'Company' => 'University of Michigan',
'Definition' => 'A set of economic practices and reforms deemed by international financial institutions (located in Washington, D. C. ) to be helpful for financial stability and economic development; often imposed as conditions for economic assistance by these institutions. Phrase coined by John Williamson (1990).',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'International economics',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'Noroc',
'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'Washington_Consensus',
)
Washington Consensus
A set of economic practices and reforms deemed by international financial institutions (located in Washington, D. C. ) to be helpful for financial stability and economic development; often imposed as conditions for economic assistance by these institutions. ...
إجماع الرأي فى واشنطون
مجموعة من الممارسات الاقتصادية والإصلاحات التي تعتبرها المؤسسات المالية الدولية (الموجود في واشنطن، د. س) أن تكون مفيدة للاستقرار المالي والتنمية الاقتصادية؛ كثيرا ما تفرض كشروط للمساعدة الاقتصادية بهذه المؤسسات. العبارة التي صاغ بها جون وليامسون ...
Economy; International economics
(object) array(
'id' => '952553',
'url' => 'AR/trade_negotiation',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'مفاوضات تجارية',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'مفاوضات تجارية',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => 'International economics',
3 => 'University of Michigan',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'مفاوضات تجارية',
'source_id' => 819367,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'International economics',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'University of Michigan',
),
'lastedit' => '20110404175638',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'إجراء مفاوضات بين أزواج من الحكومات، أو بين مجموعات من الحكومات، تبادل الالتزامات تغيير سياساتها التجارية، وعادة ما تشمل تخفيضات في التعريفات الجمركية والحواجز نونتاريف في بعض الأحيان.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601613006176258,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'trade negotiation',
'Company' => 'University of Michigan',
'Definition' => 'A negotiation between pairs of governments, or among groups of governments, exchanging commitments to alter their trade policies, usually involving reductions in tariffs and sometimes nontariff barriers.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'International economics',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'Noroc',
'Creation Date' => '2011/2/26',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'trade_negotiation',
)
trade negotiation
A negotiation between pairs of governments, or among groups of governments, exchanging commitments to alter their trade policies, usually involving reductions in tariffs and sometimes nontariff barriers.
مفاوضات تجارية
إجراء مفاوضات بين أزواج من الحكومات، أو بين مجموعات من الحكومات، تبادل الالتزامات تغيير سياساتها التجارية، وعادة ما تشمل تخفيضات في التعريفات الجمركية والحواجز نونتاريف في بعض ...
Economy; International economics
(object) array(
'id' => '935345',
'url' => 'AR/fuel_cell',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'خلية الوقود',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'خلية الوقود',
1 => 'Automotive',
2 => 'Vehicle equipment',
3 => '',
),
'term' => 'خلية الوقود',
'source_id' => 37852,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Automotive',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Vehicle equipment',
),
'lastedit' => '20110402183057',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'An electromechanical "engine" (no moving parts) that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without combustion; the only by-product is water. The principal components of a fuel cell are catalytically activated electrodes for the fuel (anode) and the oxidant (cathode) and an electrolyte to conduct ions between the two electrodes.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601540783407107,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'fuel cell',
'Definition' => 'An electromechanical "engine" (no moving parts) that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without combustion; the only by-product is water. The principal components of a fuel cell are catalytically activated electrodes for the fuel (anode) and the oxidant (cathode) and an electrolyte to conduct ions between the two electrodes.',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Industry' => 'Automotive',
'Product Category' => 'Vehicle equipment',
'Revision User' => 'Richk',
'Revision Date' => '2010/6/5',
'Creation User' => 'Richk',
'Creation Date' => '2010/6/5',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'fuel_cell',
)
fuel cell
An electromechanical "engine" (no moving parts) that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without combustion; the only by-product is water. The principal components of a fuel cell are catalytically activated electrodes for the ...
خلية الوقود
An electromechanical "engine" (no moving parts) that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without combustion; the only by-product is water. The principal components of a fuel cell are catalytically activated electrodes for the ...
Automotive; Vehicle equipment
(object) array(
'id' => '935548',
'url' => 'AR/inferior_goods',
'image' => '',
'title' => 'سلع سيئة',
'tags' =>
array (
0 => 'سلع سيئة',
1 => 'Economy',
2 => 'Economics',
3 => 'The Economist',
4 => '',
),
'term' => 'سلع سيئة',
'source_id' => 774276,
'type' => 'term',
'namespace' => 1036,
'nstext' => 'AR',
'industry' =>
array (
0 => 'Economy',
),
'category' =>
array (
0 => 'Economics',
),
'company' =>
array (
0 => 'The Economist',
),
'lastedit' => '20110402190508',
'part_of_speech' => 'noun',
'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha',
'special_term' => '',
'definition' => 'الحصول على المنتجات التي أقل من ذلك في الطلب كمستهلكين أكثر ثراء. للسلع العادية، يزداد الطلب كما أن المستهلكين أكثر قضاء.',
'usage_comment' => 'MT',
'glossary' => '',
'width' => 0,
'height' => 0,
'_version_' => 1503601541732368384,
'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)',
's_attr' =>
(object) array(
'Term' => 'inferior goods',
'Company' => 'The Economist',
'Definition' => 'Products that are less in demand as consumers get richer. For normal goods, demand increases as consumers have more to spend.',
'Domain' => 'Documentation',
'Industry' => 'Economy',
'Part of Speech' => 'noun',
'Product Category' => 'Economics',
'Usage Status' => 'New',
'Creation User' => 'summer.l',
'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21',
'Source Lang' => '1180',
),
's_namespace_text' => 'EN',
's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)',
's_title' => 'inferior_goods',
)
inferior goods
Products that are less in demand as consumers get richer. For normal goods, demand increases as consumers have more to spend.
سلع سيئة
الحصول على المنتجات التي أقل من ذلك في الطلب كمستهلكين أكثر ثراء. للسلع العادية، يزداد الطلب كما أن المستهلكين أكثر قضاء.