(object) array( 'id' => '932218', 'url' => 'AR/ethical', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'أخلاقي', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'أخلاقي', 1 => 'Broadcasting & receiving', 2 => 'News', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'أخلاقي', 'source_id' => 142972, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Broadcasting & receiving', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'News', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402062005', 'part_of_speech' => 'adjective', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'التعامل مع مسألة الحق والباطل الذي يحكم سلوك', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601526566813701, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'ethical', 'Definition' => 'dealing with a question of right and wrong that governs the conduct', 'Synonym' => 'moral', 'Part of Speech' => 'adjective', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Product Category' => 'News', 'Industry' => 'Broadcasting & receiving', 'Creation User' => 'Kate Ivanova', 'Creation Date' => '2010/8/11', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'ethical', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931147', 'url' => 'AR/propositional_logic', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'منطق القضايا', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'منطق القضايا', 1 => 'Philosophy', 2 => 'General philosophy', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'منطق القضايا', 'source_id' => 724074, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Philosophy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'General philosophy', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401183525', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'Also called sentence logic and the sentential calculus. Such a logic concerns elementary propositions - p, q, r, s, etc. -- respecting which the only assumption is that they should individually be either true or false, and operators that form complex propositions when joined with appropriate numbers of elementary propositions. The operators include conjunction (&) hence ’p and q’; disjunction (v), hence ’p or q’; negation (-), hence ’-p’; conditional (--> ), hence ’If p then q’; and equivalence ( =), hence ’p is equivalent to q’. This logic is concerned with determining which complex propositions are logical truths, or tautologies; this effectively determines what are valid arguments because such can always be treated as complex propositions in which the premisses of the argument appear as the antecedent and the conclusion as the consequence. This logic, as opposed to first, or higher, order predicate logic is complete and decidable.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601522481561600, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'propositional logic', 'Definition' => 'Also called sentence logic and the sentential calculus. Such a logic concerns elementary propositions - p, q, r, s, etc. -- respecting which the only assumption is that they should individually be either true or false, and operators that form complex propositions when joined with appropriate numbers of elementary propositions. The operators include conjunction (&) hence ’p and q’; disjunction (v), hence ’p or q’; negation (-), hence ’-p’; conditional (--> ), hence ’If p then q’; and equivalence ( =), hence ’p is equivalent to q’. This logic is concerned with determining which complex propositions are logical truths, or tautologies; this effectively determines what are valid arguments because such can always be treated as complex propositions in which the premisses of the argument appear as the antecedent and the conclusion as the consequence. This logic, as opposed to first, or higher, order predicate logic is complete and decidable.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Philosophy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'General philosophy', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Merril7', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/10', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'propositional_logic', )

(object) array( 'id' => '935579', 'url' => 'AR/environmental_economics', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'علوم الإقتصاديات البيئية', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'علوم الإقتصاديات البيئية', 1 => 'Economy', 2 => 'Economics', 3 => 'The Economist', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'علوم الإقتصاديات البيئية', 'source_id' => 774448, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Economy', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Economics', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'The Economist', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402192053', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'Some people think capitalism is wholly bad for the environment as it is based on consuming scarce resources. They want less consumption and greater reliance on renewable resources. They oppose free trade because they favor self-sufficiency (autarky), or at least so-called fair trade, and because they believe it encourages poorer countries to destroy their natural resources in order to get rich quick. Although few professional economists would share these views, in recent years many attempts have been made to incorporate environmental concerns within mainstream economics. The traditional measure of GDP incorporates only those things that are paid for; this may include things that reduce the overall quality of life, including harming the environment. For instance, cleaning up an oil spill will increase GDP if people are paid for the clean-up. Attempts have been made to devise an alternative environmentally friendly measure of national income, but so far progress has been limited. At the very least, traditional economists increasingly agree that maximizing GDP growth does not necessarily equal maximizing social welfare. Much of the damage done to the environment may be a result of externalities. An externality can arise when people engaged in economic activity do not have to take into account the full costs of what they are doing. For instance, car drivers do not have to bear the full cost of making their contribution to global warming, even though their actions may one day impose a huge financial burden on society. One way to reduce externalities is to tax them, say, through a fuel tax. Another is prohibition, say, limiting car drivers to one gallon of fuel per week. This could result in black markets, however. Allowing trade in pollution rights may encourage “efficient pollution”, with the pollution permits ending up in the hands of those for which pollution has the greatest economic upside. As this would still allow some environmental destruction, it might be unpopular with extreme greens. There may be a case for international eco markets. For instance, people in rich countries might pay people in poor countries to stop doing activities that do environmental damage outside the poor countries, or that rich people disapprove of, such as chopping down the rain forests. Choices on environmental policy, notably on measures to reduce the threat of global warming, involve costs today with benefits delayed until the distant future. How are these choices to be made? Traditional cost-benefit analysis does not help much. In measuring costs and benefits in the far distant future, two main things seem to intervene and spoil the conventional calculations. One is uncertainty. We know nothing about what the state of the world will be in 2200. The other is how much people today are willing to pay in order to raise the welfare of others who are so remote that they can barely be imagined, yet who seem likely to be much better off materially than people today. Some economists take the view that the welfare of each future generation should be given the same weight in the analysis as the welfare of today’s. This implies that a much lower discount rate should be used than the one appropriate for short-term projects. Another option is to use a high discount rate for costs and benefits arising during the first 30 or so years, then a lower rate or rates for more distant periods. Many studies by economists and psychologists have found that people do in fact discount the distant future at lower rates than they apply to the near future.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601541923209217, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'environmental economics', 'Company' => 'The Economist', 'Definition' => 'Some people think capitalism is wholly bad for the environment as it is based on consuming scarce resources. They want less consumption and greater reliance on renewable resources. They oppose free trade because they favor self-sufficiency (autarky), or at least so-called fair trade, and because they believe it encourages poorer countries to destroy their natural resources in order to get rich quick. Although few professional economists would share these views, in recent years many attempts have been made to incorporate environmental concerns within mainstream economics. The traditional measure of GDP incorporates only those things that are paid for; this may include things that reduce the overall quality of life, including harming the environment. For instance, cleaning up an oil spill will increase GDP if people are paid for the clean-up. Attempts have been made to devise an alternative environmentally friendly measure of national income, but so far progress has been limited. At the very least, traditional economists increasingly agree that maximizing GDP growth does not necessarily equal maximizing social welfare. Much of the damage done to the environment may be a result of externalities. An externality can arise when people engaged in economic activity do not have to take into account the full costs of what they are doing. For instance, car drivers do not have to bear the full cost of making their contribution to global warming, even though their actions may one day impose a huge financial burden on society. One way to reduce externalities is to tax them, say, through a fuel tax. Another is prohibition, say, limiting car drivers to one gallon of fuel per week. This could result in black markets, however. Allowing trade in pollution rights may encourage “efficient pollution”, with the pollution permits ending up in the hands of those for which pollution has the greatest economic upside. As this would still allow some environmental destruction, it might be unpopular with extreme greens. There may be a case for international eco markets. For instance, people in rich countries might pay people in poor countries to stop doing activities that do environmental damage outside the poor countries, or that rich people disapprove of, such as chopping down the rain forests. Choices on environmental policy, notably on measures to reduce the threat of global warming, involve costs today with benefits delayed until the distant future. How are these choices to be made? Traditional cost-benefit analysis does not help much. In measuring costs and benefits in the far distant future, two main things seem to intervene and spoil the conventional calculations. One is uncertainty. We know nothing about what the state of the world will be in 2200. The other is how much people today are willing to pay in order to raise the welfare of others who are so remote that they can barely be imagined, yet who seem likely to be much better off materially than people today. Some economists take the view that the welfare of each future generation should be given the same weight in the analysis as the welfare of today’s. This implies that a much lower discount rate should be used than the one appropriate for short-term projects. Another option is to use a high discount rate for costs and benefits arising during the first 30 or so years, then a lower rate or rates for more distant periods. Many studies by economists and psychologists have found that people do in fact discount the distant future at lower rates than they apply to the near future.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Economy', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Economics', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'summer.l', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/21', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'environmental_economics', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931753', 'url' => 'AR/minaret_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'مئذنة', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'مئذنة', 1 => 'Art history', 2 => 'Visual arts', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'مئذنة', 'source_id' => 744633, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Art history', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Visual arts', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401211038', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'A tower attached to a mosque, often used for the call to prayer.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601524810448898, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'minaret', 'Definition' => 'A tower attached to a mosque, often used for the call to prayer.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Art history', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Visual arts', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Gabrielle Tait', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/14', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'minaret_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931693', 'url' => 'AR/line_₂₆', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'خط', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'خط', 1 => 'Art history', 2 => 'Visual arts', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'خط', 'source_id' => 744654, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Art history', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Visual arts', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401210035', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'علامة التي تحدد شكل المنحنى،، وعلامات أكثر عموما، التي تشكل في تصميم صورة. خطوط هي المفتاح لإنشاء هيكل والحركة في صورة.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601524479098884, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'line', 'Definition' => 'A mark that defines a shape, a contour, and, more generally, marks that make up the design of a picture. Lines are key to establishing structure and movement in a picture.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Art history', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Visual arts', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Gabrielle Tait', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/14', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'line_₂₆', )

(object) array( 'id' => '927842', 'url' => 'AR/hyponymy', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'اسم مشمول', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'اسم مشمول', 1 => 'Literature', 2 => 'General', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'اسم مشمول', 'source_id' => 362883, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Literature', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'General', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401090108', 'part_of_speech' => 'Feminine', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'في اللغويات، هو المجرم كلمة أو عبارة الحقل الدلالي الذي يندرج في إطار من كلمة أخرى، لها هايبرنيم (هايبرونيم إملائياً في بعض الأحيان خارج اللغة الطبيعية معالجة المجتمع). في أبسط الشروط، تشاطر المجرم علاقة من نوع مع هايبرنيم به. على سبيل المثال، القرمزي، الزنجفر، كارمين، واللون القرمزي هي هيبونيمس جميع من الأحمر (على هايبرنيم)، الذي هو، بدوره، المجرم لون.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601507119923205, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'hyponymy', 'Definition' => 'In linguistics, a hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is included within that of another word, its hypernym (sometimes spelled hyperonym outside of the natural language processing community). In simpler terms, a hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For example, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, and crimson are all hyponyms of red (their hypernym), which is, in turn, a hyponym of colour.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Part of Speech' => 'Feminine', 'Industry' => 'Literature', 'Product Category' => 'General', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'CarmenChavarri', 'Creation Date' => '2010/10/12', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'hyponymy', )

(object) array( 'id' => '935356', 'url' => 'AR/membrane_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'غشاء', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'غشاء', 1 => 'Automotive', 2 => 'Vehicle equipment', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'غشاء', 'source_id' => 37885, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Automotive', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Vehicle equipment', ), 'lastedit' => '20110402183119', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'المواد التي تسمح بعض، ولكن ليس كل شيء، من المكونات الموجودة في خليط لتمرير من خلال ذلك.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601540941742084, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'membrane', 'Definition' => 'Material that allows some, but not all, of the components in a mixture to pass through it.', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Automotive', 'Product Category' => 'Vehicle equipment', 'Revision User' => 'Richk', 'Revision Date' => '2010/6/5', 'Creation User' => 'Richk', 'Creation Date' => '2010/6/5', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'membrane_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931795', 'url' => 'AR/petroglyph_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'النحت على الصخر', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'النحت على الصخر', 1 => 'Art history', 2 => 'Visual arts', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'النحت على الصخر', 'source_id' => 744593, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Art history', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Visual arts', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401211159', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'رسم خدش أو خلاف ذلك محفوراً في صخرة.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601524818837506, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'petroglyph', 'Definition' => 'A drawing scratched or otherwise etched into a rock.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Art history', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Visual arts', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'Gabrielle Tait', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/14', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'petroglyph_₁', )

(object) array( 'id' => '931895', 'url' => 'AR/ten_base-t_connection', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'إتصال ذو قاعدة بشكل حرف تى', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'إتصال ذو قاعدة بشكل حرف تى', 1 => 'Telecommunications', 2 => 'Switchboard', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'إتصال ذو قاعدة بشكل حرف تى', 'source_id' => 32437, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Telecommunications', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Switchboard', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401214522', 'part_of_speech' => '', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'عالية السرعة الاتصال المباشر. يجب أن يكون المستخدم أقل من 300 قدم من خزانة الأسلاك. هذا النوع من الاتصال هو التكنولوجيا الحديثة ونقوم وهو المفضل على مدى إقناع لأنه مطلوب صيانة أقل.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601525219393536, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'ten base-t connection', 'Definition' => 'High speed direct connection. User must be less than 300 feet from the wiring closet. This type of connection is the most modern technology we carry and is preferred over coax because less maintenance is required.', 'Synonym' => '10BASE-T_₀; TBT_₀', 'Part of Speech' => '', 'Industry' => 'Telecommunications', 'Product Category' => 'Switchboard', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Revision User' => 'Dannya', 'Revision Date' => '2010/5/28', 'Creation User' => 'Dannya', 'Creation Date' => '2010/5/28', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'ten_base-t_connection', )

(object) array( 'id' => '928918', 'url' => 'AR/email_₁', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'البريد الإلكترونى', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'البريد الإلكترونى', 1 => 'Education', 2 => 'Teaching', 3 => 'Teachnology', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'البريد الإلكترونى', 'source_id' => 712215, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1036, 'nstext' => 'AR', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Education', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Teaching', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'Teachnology', ), 'lastedit' => '20110401122523', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'Mohamed Taha', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'تسليم نموذج من الرسائل عبر شبكة أجهزة الاتصالات؛ عادة هذه الرسائل هي النص، بل قد تشمل الصور والارتباطات التشعبية.', 'usage_comment' => 'MT', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601511506116612, 'nstext_full' => 'Arabic (AR)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'email', 'Company' => 'Teachnology', 'Definition' => 'A form of messages delivered over a network of interconnected computers; typically these messages are text but may include images and hyperlinks.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Education', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'Teaching', 'Synonym' => 'electronic_mail_₂', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'katesd', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/8', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'email_₁', )