(object) array( 'id' => '8855798', 'url' => 'ES/Kallawaya', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Kallawaya', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Kallawaya', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Kallawaya', 'source_id' => 1860520, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150116053844', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El kallawaya es una lengua mixta secreta de Bolivia en peligro de extinción. Es el idioma del pueblo Kallawaya, un grupo de curanderos ambulantes que practicaban sus métodos tradicionales de curación medicinal en los Andes. El kallawaya es una lengua mixta. La morfología gramatical de esta lengua es parcialmente quechua, pero la mayoría de sus palabras provienen de una fuente desconocida o de una lengua extinta llamada puquina. El kallawaya es también una lengua secreta, pasada únicamente de abuelos a nietos o de padres a hijos o, en contadas ocasiones, a hijas, si el curandero no tiene hijos. Esta lengua no se utiliza en el diálogo cotidiano normal.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636923859599361, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Kallawaya', 'Definition' => 'Kallawaya, also Callahuaya or Callawalla is an endangered, secret, mixed language in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Kallawaya people, a group of traditional itinerant healers in the Andes in their medicinal healing practice. Kallawaya is a mixed language. The grammar is partially Quechua in morphology, but most of its words are from either unknown sources or from an otherwise extinct language family, Pukina. Kallawaya is also a secret language, passed only by father to son, or grandfather to grandson, or rarely, to daughters if a practitioner has no sons. It is not used in normal family dialogue.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Kallawaya', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8855208', 'url' => 'ES/Vilela', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Vilela', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Vilela', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Vilela', 'source_id' => 1860510, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150115085002', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí) es un idioma prácticamente extinto hablado únicamente en la ciudad de Resistencia y la parte este de la provincia de Chaco, cerca de la frontera con Paraguay. Algunos de sus dialectos eran Ocol, Chinipi y Sinipi, pero únicamente el Ocol ha sobrevivido. Este pueblo se llama a sí mismo Waqha-umbaβelte, "hablantes de Waqha".', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636921597820929, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Vilela', 'Definition' => 'Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí)[1] is a nearly extinct language which is only spoken in the Resistencia province of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte \'Waqha speakers\'.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Vilela', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8855134', 'url' => 'ES/Toba', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Toba', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Toba', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Toba', 'source_id' => 1860509, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150115083602', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El idioma toba es una lengua de la familia lingüística guaycurú hablada en Sudamérica por el pueblo Toba. En Argentina se extiende mayoritariamente por la zona este de las provincias de Formosa y Chaco, donde reside la mayoría de los 19 810 hablantes del idioma. Este idioma también se conoce como Chaco Sur, Qom, Toba Qom y Toba Sur. El idioma es distinto del Toba-Pilagá y el Toba de Paraguay. También hay 146 hablantes de toba en Bolivia, donde se conoce como Qom, y en Paraguay, donde se conoce como Qob o Toba-Qom.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636921172099072, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Toba', 'Definition' => 'Toba is a Guaicuruan language spoken in South America by the Toba people. In Argentina it is most widely dispersed in the east of Formosa and Chaco Provinces where the majority of the approximately 19,810 (2000 WCD) speakers of Toba reside. Other names for the language include: Chaco Sur, Qom, Toba Qom, and Toba Sur. The language is distinct from Toba-Pilagá and Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy. There are also 146 Toba speakers in Bolivia where it is known as Qom and in Paraguay where it is also known as Qob or Toba-Qom.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Toba', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8855794', 'url' => 'ES/Bororo', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Bororo', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Bororo', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Bororo', 'source_id' => 1860519, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150116033047', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'También conocido como Boe, el bororo es el único idioma superviviente de una pequeña familia lingüística considerada parte de las lenguas macro-yê. Este idioma es hablado por el pueblo Bororo, cazadores y recolectores que habitan en el estado de Mato Grosso (Brasil).', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636923858550785, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Bororo', 'Definition' => 'Also known as Boe, is the sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Gê languages. It is spoken by the Bororo people, hunters and gatherers in the Central Mato Grosso region of Brazil.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Bororo', )

(object) array( 'id' => '909655', 'url' => 'ES/academy_₂', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Academia', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Academia', 1 => 'Art history', 2 => 'General art history', 3 => 'Tate', 4 => '', ), 'term' => 'Academia', 'source_id' => 771034, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Art history', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'General art history', ), 'company' => array ( 0 => 'Tate', ), 'lastedit' => '20140924040642', 'part_of_speech' => 'noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'Las primeras academias de arte aparecieron en Italia en la época del Renacimiento. Eran agrupaciones de artistas cuyo objetivo era mejorar la posición social y profesional de los artistas, así como proporcionar enseñanza (véase la Ecole des Beaux Arts). Para ello, buscaban donde fuera posible para tener un patrón real o noble. Anteriormente, pintores y escultores se organizaban en gremios y eran considerados simples artesanos. Las academias se generalizaron en el siglo XVII, cuando también comenzaron a organizar exposiciones en grupo de sus miembros. Esto fue una innovación crucial, ya que por primera vez se proporcionó una plaza de mercado y los artistas empezaron a liberarse, en cierta medida, de las restricciones del patronato directo real, de la iglesia o privado. La academia más poderosa fue la academia francesa Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, fundada en 1648 y ubicado en el Palacio del Louvre, en París. La Academia comenzó a albergar exposiciones en 1663 y las abrió de cara al público en 1673. Tras la Revolución Francesa, el nombre se cambió por Académie des Beaux-Arts. La Real Academia de Londres fue fundada en 1768 y Joshua Reynolds (más adelante Sir Joshua) fue su primer presidente. A mediados del siglo XIX las academias se transformaron en altamente conservadoras y, debido a su monopolio de las grandes exposiciones, se resistieron a la creciente ola de innovación del Naturalismo, Realismo, Impresionismo y los consecuentes movimientos artísticos. El resultado fue el establecimiento de sociedades expositoras alternativas y la aparición de galerías comerciales privadas (véase el Salón). Las academias fueron obviadas y el término "arte académico" ahora tiene la connotación peyorativa de conservador y anticuado.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503601431633985538, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'academy', 'Company' => 'Tate', 'Definition' => 'The first art academies appeared in Italy at the time of the Renaissance. They were groupings of artists whose aim was to improve the social and professional standing of artists, as well as to provide teaching (see Ecole des Beaux Arts). To this end they sought where possible to have a royal or princely patron. Previously, painters and sculptors had been organised in guilds, and were considered mere artisans or craftsmen. Academies became widespread by the seventeenth century, when they also began to organise group exhibitions of their members\' work. This was a crucial innovation, since for the first time it provided a market place, and began to some extent to free artists from the restrictions of direct royal, church, or private patronage. The most powerful of the academies was the French Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, established in 1648 and housed in the Palais du Louvre in Paris. The Académie began holding exhibitions in 1663 and opened these to the public from 1673. After the French Revolution the name was changed to plain Académie des Beaux-Arts. The London Royal Academy was founded in 1768 with Joshua Reynolds (later Sir Joshua) as its first president. By the mid nineteenth century the academies had become highly conservative and by their monopoly of major exhibitions resisted the rising tide of innovation in Naturalism, Realism, Impressionism and their successors. The result was that alternative exhibiting societies were established and private commercial art galleries began to appear (see Salon). The academies were bypassed and the term academic art now has the pejorative connotation of conservative or old-fashioned.', 'Domain' => 'Documentation', 'Industry' => 'Art history', 'Part of Speech' => 'noun', 'Product Category' => 'General art history', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Creation User' => 'genart', 'Creation Date' => '2011/2/20', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'academy_₂', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8548394', 'url' => 'ES/Lenca', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Lenca', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Lenca', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Lenca', 'source_id' => 1859180, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20141205081202', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El idioma lenca es una lengua indígena de centroamérica. A principios del sigo XVI, en tiempos de la conquista española de centroamérica, el pueblo lenca hablaba este idioma, que se extendía por una región que incorporaba el noroeste y el suroeste de Honduras, y el este del vecino El Salvador hasta el río Lempa. Hoy en día, la mayor parte de la población indígena lenca todavía habla este idioma, sobre todo en las montañas del estado central de Yoro y Francisco Morazan, especialmente en la región Montaña de la Flor.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503635581343629315, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Lenca', 'Definition' => 'The Lenca language is one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Central America in the early 16th century, it was spoken by the Lenca people in a region that incorporates northwestern and southwestern Honduras, and neighboring eastern El Salvador, east of the Lempa river. Today is still spoken mostly by Lenca Indigenous People in the mountains of the central state of Yoro, and Francisco Morazan (particularly in the Montana de la Flor region).', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/3', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Lenca', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8571905', 'url' => 'ES/Nuxálk', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Nuxalk', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Nuxalk', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Nuxalk', 'source_id' => 1859199, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20141208072002', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'La lengua nuxalk (también denominada Bella Coola) es una lengua salishana hablada por entre 20 y 30 personas de avanzada edad en el pueblo Bella Coola de Columbia Británica (Canadá). Hasta hace poco, esta lengua se denominaba Bella Coola, pero actualmente se prefiere el nombre indígena. A pesar de que el número de personas que hablan este idioma con fluidez no ha aumentado, ahora se enseña en el sistema provincial de colegios y en el colegio de la nación Nuxalk.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503635686581862400, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Nuxálk', 'Definition' => 'Nuxálk (also Bella Coola) is a Salishan language spoken in the vicinity of the Canadian town Bella Coola, British Columbia by approximately 20-30 elders. Until recently, the language was called Bella Coola, but the native designation Nuxálk is now preferred. Though the number of truly fluent speakers has not increased, the language is now taught in both the provincial school system and the Nuxálk Nation\'s own school.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/3', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Nuxálk', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8206032', 'url' => 'ES/Boruca', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Boruca', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Boruca', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Boruca', 'source_id' => 1859177, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20141017065701', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'La lengua boruca es la lengua materna del pueblo Boruca de Costa Rica. Forma parte del conjunto de lenguas chibcha. Esta lengua está prácticamente extinta, ya que en 1986 solo 5 mujeres la hablaban con fluidez, mientras que 30 o 35 personas más la hablaban a un nivel inferior. Los otros mil miembros de la tribu hablan español. La lengua Boruca se enseña como segundo idioma en la Escuela Doris Z. Stone, la escuela primaria local. Se pueden escuchar palabras de la lengua boruca intercaladas en conversaciones en español, pero es extremadamente difícil escuchar conversaciones enteras en boruca.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503634044435300355, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Boruca', 'Definition' => 'Boruca is the native language of the Boruca people of Costa Rica. It is one of the Chibchan languages. It is nearly extinct; it was spoken fluently by only five women in 1986, while 30 to 35 others spoke it nonfluently. The rest of the tribe\'s 1,000 members speak Spanish. The language is taught as a second language at the local primary school Escuela Doris Z. Stone. One can hear Boruca words and phrases mixed into Spanish conversations but it is extremely rare to hear prolonged exchanges in Boruca.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/3', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Boruca', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8855793', 'url' => 'ES/Baure', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Baure', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Baure', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Baure', 'source_id' => 1860518, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150116032930', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El baure es una lengua arahuaca prácticamente extinta, hablada solo por 13 de las 200 personas que conforman el grupo étnico tribal Baure, en el departamento del Beni en el noroeste de Magdalena (Bolivia). Algunas partes de la Biblia se han traducido a este idioma. La mayoría de los hablantes han pasado a utilizar el español.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636923858550784, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Baure', 'Definition' => 'Baure is a nearly extinct Arawakan language spoken by only 13 of 200 ethnic tribal Baure people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some Bible portions have been translated into Baure. Most speakers have been shifting to Spanish.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Baure', )

(object) array( 'id' => '8854774', 'url' => 'ES/Puelche', 'image' => '', 'title' => 'Puelche', 'tags' => array ( 0 => 'Puelche', 1 => 'Language', 2 => 'Endangered languages', 3 => '', ), 'term' => 'Puelche', 'source_id' => 1860501, 'type' => 'term', 'namespace' => 1196, 'nstext' => 'ES', 'industry' => array ( 0 => 'Language', ), 'category' => array ( 0 => 'Endangered languages', ), 'lastedit' => '20150115072806', 'part_of_speech' => 'proper noun', 'creation_user' => 'beatrizmb', 'special_term' => '', 'definition' => 'El puelche es un idioma prácticamente extinto hablado por el pueblo del mismo nombre en la región pampeana de Argentina. Este idioma también se conoce como Küne, Gennaken (Guenaken), Pehuenche, Tehuelche septentrional, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche y Pampa. Según Ethnologue, este idioma puede contar con hasta 5 hablantes o estar extinto.', 'usage_comment' => '', 'glossary' => '', 'width' => 0, 'height' => 0, '_version_' => 1503636917692923908, 'nstext_full' => 'Spanish (ES)', 's_attr' => (object) array( 'Term' => 'Puelche', 'Definition' => 'Puelche is an extinct or nearly extinct language spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken (Guenaken), Pehuenche, Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa, and may have five speakers, according to Ethnologue, if not it has gone extinct.', 'Part of Speech' => 'proper noun', 'Usage Status' => 'New', 'Industry' => 'Language', 'Product Category' => 'Endangered languages', 'Creation User' => 'esb', 'Creation Date' => '2012/1/4', 'Source Lang' => '1180', ), 's_namespace_text' => 'EN', 's_namespace_text_full' => 'English (EN)', 's_title' => 'Puelche', )